Digital Electronics

Hello everyone, in last blog I told about Communication Systems...

Now before beginning Digital Electronics.. .give 2-4 hrs of time for revision of Communication System ..revise notes,solve questions which you won't able to solve in first attempt..and important topics which you find difficult to understand..so give a quick look to all these and also look for the diagrams ..

Now we will begin our next subject i.e Digital Electronics,,

Study it from :-

• notes(self or coaching)
• Morris Mano
• Salivahan
• few questions from Kannodia
• Previous Year GATE,IES questions

First Read your notes..notes must consist following topics :-

• Defination of basic gates,universal gates and other gates...their implementation w.r.t each other,like converting ex-or gate by using nor gate...also remember how many gates are required.

• Also learn gow to calculate output when delays in gate is given.

• When even no. of not gates are there then it is bistable or flip flop or memory element,if there are odd no. of not gates then it is astable circuit or free running or squrare wave generator or clock oscillator,calculate time delay.

• Implementation of gates using diodes and BJT

• Number System..converting binary to hexadecimal or octal and vice versa.

• Karnaugh Maps,Implicants,Prime Implicants and essential implicants.

• In any equation finding of no. of literals,POS,SOP,relation between minterms,maxterms ..when to write what..i.e if outputs are 0 then write POS or maxterms else write SOP or minterms.

• No. of minterms and maxterms in ex-or gate.

• Complements,addition,subtraction(learn rules from Morris Mano).

• 2's Complement and its rules.

• Logic Families(although it is not in GATE syllabus but required in interviews),advantages and disadvantages.Focus mainly on CMOS,difference between PMOS and NMOS,Transmission gate,DTL,Standard DTL (how replacing diode with BJT helps),HTL(how it reduces noise),TTL(open collector,totem pole,schottky),ECL..Read this from Morris Mano.

• Combinational logic circuits:-half adder,full adder,half subtractor,full subtractor,their implementation by gates and implementation of full adder and subtractor by half adder and subtractor respectively.

• Comparator(for 2 inputs ,3 inputs and so on)..no. of gates required to implement it.

• Multiplexer.demultiplexer,encoder,decoder,priority encoder,no. of multiplexer needed for implementing exor,and ,nor,or and other gates.

• If 2 raised to the power n :1 multiplexer is needed for n input then 2 raised to the power (n-1) :1 multiplexer and on not gate is needed for same input.

• Serial adder,Parallel adder,Look ahead carry adder(no. of and,or gates needed,no. of gates don't depends on input it depends on levels).

• Sequential logic circuits:-Latch,flip flops,characteristic equation,excitation table,difference between latch and flip flop.Asynchronous and Synchronous sequential logic circuits,difference between them.

• Conversion of flip flops into each other.for example S-R to J-K and vice versa and so on..what is D in D-flip flop.

• Flip Flop:- Started from S-R then why J-K came then why master-slave came.

• Difference between level triggered and edge triggered clock.

• Counters:-advantages,Synchronous and Asynchronous difference between them.

• Up-down counter by Synchronous and Asynchronous counter,Error in Asynchronous (removing it by strobe input),Ring counter,Johnson Counter,Series and Parallel Counter,time delay in them..and then find out which is fastest.(take some sequence and try to solve it by synchronous counter for both positive and negative triggered )Learn about preset and clear.Clear by Nand And Or Nor gate according to input and clock.

• ADC and DAC:- Types of ADC and DAC,resolution,error,accuracy,linearity,which is fastest among them.Focus on inverted type DAC and Successive Approximation and Dual Slope type ADC.

• Monostable,Astable and Bistable multivibrator:-Read from Salivahan.

• IC 555 timer.

Note:--Focus on Subtraction,Moore-Mealey finite state machines,Non degenerate forms,Logic families from Morris Mano.

Focus on Master Slave,Astable,Bistable and Monostable multivibrator from Salivahan.

Digital electronics is easy subject try to learn every topic and focus on previous year questions as much possible.

Do previous year GATE,IES questions and questions from Kannodia.

Best of Luck ..prepare well..if have any doubt then do comment..

Next Subject we are going to take is Microprocessor..

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

Communication System

Hello everyone, in last blog I told about EDC...

Now before beginning Communication Systems.. .give 2-4 hrs of time for revision of EDC..revise notes,solve questions which you won't able to solve in first attempt..and important topics which you find difficult to understand..so give a quick look to all these and also look for the diagrams ..

Now we will begin our next subject i.e Communication Systems,,

Study it from :-

• notes(self or coaching)
• Schaum's series
• Simon Haykin
• B.P Lathi
• Probability from Nptel lectures (random process from iit-g)
• few questions from Kannodia

Start with Analog communication..learn only basics ..as many question comes from Digital communication..

1. Start with basic diagram of communication system ..transmitter reciever ..wired

system..wireless..transducers(mic(1) and loudspeaker(8))..modulator..necessity of modulation(wrt antenna height,multiplexing..radio fm uses)..demodulation..

( above system:-first we have mechanical signal like I am speaking its speech or voice its because of change of pressure in throat so mechanical signal..transducer is suppose MIC..which converts mechanical to electrical..now what I speak is of low frequency and we can't transmit it directly as height of antenna is wavelength/4 ..so we increase frequency by modulator and decrease wavelength so the height of antenna..how what I speak is of low amplitude if i transmit it directly in space it will get attenuate with rain droplets,buildings and all so I need an amplifier to increase strength of signal ..now transmit the signal..after receiving we are at 5th point.now this is attenuated signal so we need amplifier again to increase strength then demodulation to decrease frequency as we earlier increased it(carrier signal is prior known to both transmitter and receiver) then we need transducer like loudspeaker to convert electrical signal back to mechanical so you can hear my voice as an audio)

2.Do revision of Fourier transform  from signal and system..

3,Note that whenever you are asked about bandwidth then first draw its frequency spectrum and from that calculate bandwidth..

4. Amplitude modulation :-DSB and SSB is important..few basics of VSB also..and Square Law modulator/demodulator..synchronous demodulator..depth of modulation

5. Frequency and Phase modulation and demodulation..depth of modulation..how to calculate power..truncation of frequency...PLL demodulator

6. Difference between Amplitude,frequency and phase modulation..how frequency modulator is converted into phase and vice versa...what is frequency discriminator..

7.Why frequency modulation is better than amplitude...and also why Foster Seeley discriminator is better than Ratio detector.

Note:-Read AM receiver and FM receiver.. Tuned Amplifier,Mixer,Why tuned is not good and we switched to superheterodyne receiver  ..IF amplifier..Image frequency.. preamplifier..why there is no image frequency in FM receiver.

Also Read what is selectivity,sensitivity,fidelity,Pre-emphasis and De-emphasis(how they are related to Phase lead and Lag compensator of control system or High pass or Low pass filter)..

8. Sampling of signals..frequency for sampling..frequencies at which samples will found..

9.How to convert continuous signal to digital.

10. What is Quantization?..PCM,DM,DPCM,ADM....In PCM the error was more as error is delta/2 and to reduce error we have to increase levels for that we have to increase n ..but as we increase n bandwidth gets increased..so we have to decrease numerator of delta that is Vm - Vl or 2Vm ..we can decrease it by passing it through capacitor but it will attenuate the signal so we use DPCM technique..
Like this study why new methods came...calculation of Amplitude , Noise and SNR of DM

Note:-Read Companding..why need of companding..µ-law and A-law..values of µ and A for which it is equal compression and expansion are 255 and 87.6

11. ASK(OOK),PSK and FSK..which is better and why..learn constellation diagram..calculation of prob of error and energy from constellation diagram..like if we square the distance of any signal from origin then we get signal energy ..if we square the distance between two signals like this minimum distance will give prob of error..Locus of ASK,PSK and FSK..also learn orthogonal signals

12, Learn ASK,PSK and FSK for binary and for M-ary both..and all formulas for both..also learn symbol rate..relation between symbol rate and bit rate..

13. Information Theory..what is information,entropy,mutual information,capacity..capacity for gaussian channel,erasure channel and binary symmetric channel ..SNR for gaussian channel..learn this chapter from Schaum's Series..


14..Random variable:-definition,probability density function,cumulative density function for discreet and continuous signal..pdf for few common signals like gaussian,exponential..mean,variance,standard deviation..from diagrams(not only definition but actual meaning)..relation between CDF and PDF..ESD,PSD,Auto correlation..calculation of ac power ,dc power,mean from PSD diagram..

15.Gaussian or Jhonsson or Thermal or White Noise..what is envelope of Gaussian Noise..general noise signal equation(combination of in-phase and quadrature phase)

16. Noise Figure,Figure of Merit for amplitude modulation,DSB,SSB ,frequency modulation and phase modulation...By FOM you will get to know that why envelope detector is worst than synchronous detector..as synchronous detector cancels noise..as its FOM is 1..and for envelope detector its is different..calculation of net Noise Figure formula from Gain of system..Equivalent temperature of system from Gain and Resistance from Gain of system..why pre-amplifier is at beginning why not at end..what is the change in Noise Figure..

17. Matched Filter..its necessity ..where it is use in whole communication system..SNR for minimum probability of error..difference between Transistion prob or cross over prob or bit error rate and Prob of error..change in PDF of gaussian noise when bit 0 or 1 is transmitted and then calculation of threshold (there is formula for it in Schaum Series)..calculation of optimum threshold from pdf also..like when P(0) is equal to P(1) then it is just the point of contact of  pdf of gaussian noise when 0 transmitted and when 1 is transmitted..
Relation of Prob of error and Signal Energy,..
Impulse signal (h(t)) for matched filter..in real signal ,imaginary signal and in complex signal..

18.Q function ,erfc and erf function..relation of Q with erfc and with CDF.

19.relation of rate and bandwidth...ISI ,Raised cosine filter..values of alpha to treat raised cosine as low pass filter..Bandwidth relation with alpha and Rate for raised cosine filter..

20.Kraft inequality,Shannon coding and Huffman coding for Source coding..Channel coding..Hamming distance...

21.QPSK,MSK..difference between QPSK and MSK

22. DPSK..why DPSK is better than PSK..

23.RZ,NRZ,Manchester ,AMI...which has zero dc value..

24.Strict and Wide sense stationary,auto correlation and PSD relation..if mean of input is given then how to calculate mean of output..if h(0) or H(0) is also given..PDF of one signal..multiple signal..

Read above mentioned topics from Schaum's series and Simon Haykin..

Note:- Read full Schaum's Series..solve all examples and few unsolved..Read few parts from Simon Haykin like in amplitude modulation what is the use of Ka(voltage modulation),eye diagram...also solve kannodia and previous year GATE/IES question..In GATE-2016 they repeated previous year GATE question with value change only..

Best of Luck ..prepare well..if have any doubt then do comment..

Next Subject we are going to take is Digital Electronics..

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

Electronic Devices and Circuits(EDC)

Hello everyone, in last blog I told about Signal and Systems...

Now before beginning Electronics Devices and Circuits.. .give 2-4 hrs of time for revision of Signal and System..revise notes,solve questions which you won't able to solve in first attempt..and important topics which you find difficult to understand..so give a quick look to all these ..

Now we will begin our next subject i.e EDC,,

Study it from :-

• notes(coaching or self)
• Millman Halkias 
• Sedra and Smith
• Previous year Gate,IES questions
• kannodia (for few formulas)
• Integrated Ciruits (only main topics)

Start with basic knowledge ..as this subject is just apriori for Analog electronics..by reading EDC we get basic knowledge ...

What you have to study;-

• About temperatures values(Room,Ambient,Absolute)
• Thermal Voltage
• Band Gap(Forbidden voltage)
• Conductivity,resistivity,mobility
• Intrinsic Semiconductor (intrinsic concentration)
• Silicon and Germanium Semiconductor( their atomic no.,weight,band gap..etc)
• p-type ,n-type semiconductor(band diagram)
• Fermi Voltage
• Drift and Diffusion Current(metals have only drift current,semiconductor have diffusion current ..how to produce drift current from semiconductor)
• Generation,recombination of electron and hole pair.
• Continuity equation(read from Millman Halkias)
• Fermi Energy for n-type,p-type,intrinsic,prob. of electron at particular energy(equation)
• Temperature variation for conductivity(mainly for extrinsic semiconductor),carrier concentration
• LED,LCD,Photodiode,Avalanche-photodiode,Zener diode,Solar cell,Ge-Si diode,Ga-As diode,Laser,varactor diode
• Diffusion capacitance(forward bias),transition or depletion capacitance(reverse bias),formulae of capacitance
• P-N Diode(methods of fabrication),forward bias voltage,reverse bias voltage,working,Holes and electron movement,minimum conductivity,charge distribution in depletion region,derivation of open circuit voltage,relation between open circuit voltage,electric field and depletion width,junction law,difference between depletion voltage,cut-in voltage and diode voltage..their values for Si and Ge semiconductor,how to convert p-type into n-type and vice-versa(amphoteric materials)
• Why turn-ff time is more than turn-on time...or reverse recovery time is more than forward recovery time..
• Hall effect..hall voltage..what we can know from hall effect,,
• Thermal excitation,intrinsic excitation,extrinsic excitation
• BJT-CE,CC,CB-V-I diagram for input and output..PNP transistor or NPN transistor working (internal mechanism),transit time,carrier lifetime,emitter gain,propagation constant,current gain(relation),alpha,beta,gamma,early voltage,early effect,base width modulation,output resistance
• Relation of Beta with temperature.
• FET-junction type,depletion type,enhancement type(internal diagram,working),MOS capacitor(internal diagram),pinch off voltage,condition for saturation,current formulae,transconductance and resistance formulae,difference between depletion and enhancement.,relation between Vgs cutoff and pinch off voltage,threshold voltage-benefit of it,ways of reducing it,difference between N-type and P-type,amplification factor,why poysilicon is used..thickness formula,,relation between resistance and thickness...
• Why there is break line in symbol of enhancement FET,channel length modulation,output resistance,how to avoid breakage of channel.
• Why BJT is used in active mode and FET in saturation for amplifier?
• Thyristor family(just basic knowledge)
• Integrated circuits-fabrication method..why inductor can't fabricated..ways of fabricating resistance,diode,capacitor,bjt,fet..Lithography,dry and wet oxidation,ion implantation method..its benefits,complimentary error function profile. 

Note:-
Read Diode,BJT,FET from Millman..just basic knowledge ..internal diagram..working.
Focus on depletion region of diode..read from Sedra and Smith..in beginning it is given how to find no. of charges in depletion region.. read abrupt junction,working of thyristor..
In junction FET why the depletion region has that different shape..why channel is more narrow at drain side?
Read basics because its knowledge is needed in Analog electronics.

Best of Luck ..prepare well..if have any doubt then do comment..

Next Subject we are going to take is Communication System..

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

SIGNAL AND SYSTEM

Hello everyone, in last blog I told about Network Analysis...

Now before beginning Signal and System..give 2-4 hrs of time for revision of Network Analysis..revise notes,solve questions which you won't able to solve in first attempt..and important topics which you find difficult to understand..so give a quick look to all these ..

Now we begin with Signal and System..

Study it from :-

• notes(self or coaching)
• workbook,theorybook(coaching material if any)
• schaum's series of signal and system ,and digital signal processing.
• previous year GATE,IES questions
• few questions from Kannodia
• Salivahanan(digital signal processing)

Start with basic concepts..Read about:-

• What is signal and what is system?
• What is zero crossover?
• Basics of unit step , impulse signal , ramp signal for continuous and discrete signal
• Focus on impulse signal...as it is unmanageable signal so derive its properties and definition from manageable function..like from a rectangular pulse..by decreasing its width and increasing height.Also remember that impulse have infinite height..it have only unity area.
• also differentiation and integration...basic definition of diff and int..like integration is area under curve...differentiation and integration of ramp,unit and impulse signal.
• Time shifting,scaling and reversing properties of signal for both continuous and discrete.Also remember then in continuous we can do first shifting then scaling or first scaling then shifting by precaution but in discrete it is advisable to do first shifting then scaling otherwise error will occur because of decimation
• Continuous and Discrete Signal..in discrete,decimation and interpolation.
• Types of Signal(focus on even-odd,causal-non causal,periodic-aperiodic,continuous-discrete,energy-power signal)
• Calculation of time period for both continuous and discrete and also for sum of cont, signal or discrete signal.
• Calculation of Energy and Power for continuous and discrete signal..also power for periodic signal..
• Period of Sin,Cos,Exponential function..area under one period kind of questions
• Types of System(focus on linear-non linear,time variant-invariant,stable-unstable,invertible)
• DTFT and how to move ahead to CTFT from DTFT,DTFS,CTFS,also FFT.
• Convolution ..its basic meaning ...also learn how to take convolution..for discrete signal by graphical,tabular method,analytical method...for CTFT by graphical,differentiation and analytical.
• Laplace transform..how fourier transform convert to laplace ..and fourier is part of laplace ..z-transform..(for unstable signal we won't able to get fourier but we can find laplace)
• In FFT,difference between CTFS and FFT...circular convolution..no. of additions ,multiplication required depending on N...FFT formula for m x N butterfly structure..
• FFT for decimation in time,decimation in frequency and inverse FFT.
• How to convert laplace to CTFT and z-transform to  DTFT...
• Properties of Laplace,Z and Fourier transform,
• Read Story of Fourier Series(if have time..and Gibb's phenomenon)
• Sampling of signal...Critical,under,oversampling..
• Correlation,Auto Correlation...Properties of Auto Correlation for Energy and Power Signal
• Energy spectral density and power spectral density.
• Bandwidth criteria,3-db Bandwidth,Calculation of bandwidth on basis of  % of energy...like 50% of energy in 3-db Bandwidth
• Truncation of different frequency...sending significant freq..when channel capacity is less.
• calculation of stability..by absolutely integrable or summable,,,by left of jw line or inside unity circle..by R-H criteria or Jury table test ..(first one is for continuous ..next one is for discrete )
• Orthogonal signals..energy and power for orthogonal-non orthogonal signals
• Fourier transform of Gate pulse..triangular pulse
• Sampling function (Sinx/x)
• Group and phase delay,Hilbert transform(properties)
• Value of sgn,unit step,impulse and many other signals at zero time(origin).(1.indeterminate ..2.average of previous and next..3. either previous or next)
• High pass and low pass filter for discrete signal.

Now ,study FFT part from Salivahnan...

Do all questions from Schaum's series...

Study schaum's series DSP for filters only...study linear,all pass filter ,FIR and IIR from it...

Solve all previous year questions ...few questions from Kannodia..2 3 chapters of starting for basic only from Kannodia...

Note:-Focus on impulse signal,autocorrelation,convolution(graphical not necessary..learn shortcut for if convolution for two rectangle pulse..of same width then it will be triangle...of different width then trapezoidal),FFT,Orthogonal signals,Energy and Power,Sampling,mug-up laplace and z-transform for few signals mainly for exp(-altl)..kind of function..bilateral,unilateral transforms,recursive,non recursive..group delay,phase delay,  .learn everything practically..its one of the best subject..will help you in other subjects also..and it is scoring as well..

Best of Luck ..prepare well..if have any doubt then do comment..

Next Subject we are going to take is EDC(Electronic Devices And Circuits).

You can view my online lectures also on Signals and Systems on 
https://goo.gl/pg9ZEX

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

Network Analysis

Beginning with Network Analysis..

Network Analysis is the first subject because it contains the basic knowledge which an electronics student need to have and will be useful for almost every subject ahead e.g knowing about resistor,capacitor and inductor (out of these, capacitor and inductor are very much imp),Laplace transform,etc.

So, first of all take a page and write from where you have to study about the subject..what I did was I used to study network from
- notes(coaching or self)
-one standard book (ex.william h hayt)
- previous year gate,ies,ias questions
- if attending any coaching then its workbook,theory book
-try to solve few question from kanoida(it contains few good question)

Now lets get started..

• Take your notes and read it thoroughly..like if someone asks that what is resistance then you should be able to explain him easily..prepare for exam and for interview also..give equal attention to easy topics..start with what is current,voltage,power,energy, resistance,capacitance,inductance..e.g resistance is property of resistor by which it opposes the flow of electrons..so it provides friction to the flow.. converting electric energy to heat energy..as it follows ohms law so it is linear and as it is linear so bidirectional..study like this..

 [PS:My Experience:you won't believe that in BARC interview they ask me what is power and energy and I was not able to explain..they wanted relation that too in words..the answer was power is rate of change of energy..but these simple words won't click at that moment]

• Now study types of element..active,passive,linear,bilinear,and so on with examples ..e.g transformer is passive..linear elements are always bidirectional..try to relate them graphically also..

• Now study series parallel wye delta connection..capacitor differs from other in terms of formulae..so try to learn on basis of Z rather then RLC and then convert Z into them..

• Then study Mesh nodal analysis.. whenever you're given a question to find current or voltage then you will be able to see that which will be quick and accurate way ..So practice 'a lot'.

• Then study thevenin ,norton,superposition,reciprocity,maximum power transfer,tellegan and all theorem.. with example and also how to find thevenin resistance in all type of circuit..when independent sources ,when dependent and independent sources and when only dependent sources are there..

• Then study laplace transform and also how to convert capacitance,inductance in charge and in rest both ways.also how to write any dc signal in laplace..like 5 volt in laplace form

• Current ,voltage for series RLC ,parallel RLC,impedance,voltage,current triangle diagram.finding P i.e active power..other names are active,true,real,effective average power.unit watt.finding Q i.e reactive power .unit VAR.finding S i.e complex or apparent power unit VA..their triangle diagram relating P,S,Q..also formula for finding power factor cos(phi)..break switch questions...removing transitions from ac signal..

• z, y, hybrid,abcd parameter..interchange formulae...series, parallel,series-parallel,parallel-series,cascade form of circuit..initial state final state questions..energy of inductor and capacitor..and current for inductor and voltage for capacitor all these when there is impulse signal..frequency domain analysis also..

• Also study foster cauer methods .no. of elements required for foster and cauer..i.e equal to no. of poles and zeros on positive imaginary axis plus one (it is needed for ese)..and also mutual inductance ..hurwitz polynomial,positive real function..just rules and how to find them..there are some tricks for all these..if needed then contact me ..otherwise many things are covered in william hayt..also study scaling concept..when there is change in frequency then what are changes on inductance and capacitance and so for change in magnitude.

• study about resonance..bandwidth..graphs of Z and current wrt frequency.. frequency at which voltage in inductance and capacitance is maximum..relating Q factor,bandwidth and resonance frequency..understand actual meaning of resonance frequency and bandwidth..and time constant ,definition of time constant for both impulse and unit step signal.resonant frequency for series parallel RLC..for RL and RC parallel,tank circuit..locus diagram..

• simple formulae for finding current and voltage equation taking steady state and initial conditions..also graphs of current and voltage for inductor and capacitor in charging and discharging mode...

So,this is all for network analysis...in beginning don't be in rush to finish course.. give atleast 5 days for notes..one day for 2 3 new topics which are not in notes..then one day for hayt and other theory notes..one day for workbook ..one day for gate quest..one day for ese ias quest..one day for kannodia because we have to do only few questions from it..and also do rest of thing left..so by this give your 10 15 days for network..and that too with sincerity and dedication..so if you pick this subject again then you won't feel as if it is new for you..cover each and every bit of it..after doing all things, give two days for revision ..in this read notes plus quest only that which you won't able to do in first attempt..so keep marking this type of question..will be helpful in the end tym..so keep solving as many circuits as you can..

Give special attention to circuit for getting equivalent resistance, capacitance, inductance.break over switch question ,unit step impulse signal,exponential signal input..mutual inductance,z y hybrid abcd..and theorems..difference between analysis and synthesis..and try to adapt quickest method ..this you will better learn at the end of whole course..then you will relate few subjects with each other..

best of luck ..

if have any doubt then please ask..and also if I have forgotten any topic then do remind me I will put about it also.. ThankYou

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

Next subject we are going to pick is Signal and System....

How to Crack GATE..??

As it is toughest exam but its not that tough to crack it..Its only the engineering students like you like us can crack it..not from other planet ..so don't get scared with the stats of cutoffs,no. of candidates and all...

Now, basic rule is focus,dedication,sincerity,motivation(mainly self motivation),self confidence(no over confidence,for this please keep seeing stats..) and a good routine decided by you only..but maintain it in the way as it is given to you by your coach or mentor...don't edit it frequently...

Now,see the syllabus of GATE and also see that in that year which institute is going to conduct the exam.It matters a lot.Like whenever IISc conduct GATE be ready for more kind of theoretical questions..Like from Analog Elect.,EDC ,EMT,and so on..Even in Signal and System they can ask theoretical question...and same with microprocessor..Or if IIT-Kanpur is conducting then they ask numerical questions more..Some IIT ask question more in EDC ,some in EMT,,and so on.

So,now you have syllabus,previous year pattern..and also all the notes and books if you have any..look if you are reading a particular book for any subject then please be stuck to it if and only if it is standard book..don't have faith on your local books..they can make you pass in college..or can give you good percentage till there only..but in GATE ,c'mon this is national level exam..student are  from different college different states different coaching different passout years..so think of that level...

Now,decide with which subject you want to start..I will tell my sequence..there can be any permutation combination of subject..but always relate your previous read subject with new subject ..

According to me the first subject is Network Analysis...this is one of the basic subject in which student need to be thorough so other subject will become easy accordingly...

Now we will go one  by one by each subject ..how to prepare them in correct way..so that we actually achieve our aim....

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

As I have told you about the benefits you can get by  GATE/IES/BARC and others..

Now I will focus on GATE..

As I told about benefits of GATE..but as you know that if something gives you benefit then its not that easy to achieve.

GATE is the toughest exam to crack after engineering...By the way the toughest exam is IIT-JEE after 12th.. if you have cracked it then its good..

Those you won't able to crack JEE and have dreams of joining IIT for studies and want to see the environment and be part of IIT then here is your chance..

GATE exam will open gate for IIT..

Now being an EC student it becomes more tough to crack GATE..First of all the exam remains tough..seats are less..or I say very less...and the strength of students ..I mean students who give exams from EC is very much high...

You will sometime feel jealous by seeing your friends in Mechanical or Electrical branch..they can get good IITs in 1000 ranks and PSU upto  500 -700 ranks.

And for EC students ..I don't want to scare you..but you guys need to have rank in under 300 for good IITs and under 100 for PSU...if you are able to get under 50 rank then that's it you have achieved your aim ..but if are above 50 and under 100 then need to have patience ...if you are in between 100 and 200 ..you guys need to do well in interviews and if you are between 200 and 400 then its your luck..above 400 to 1000 you guys need to compromise in IITs and above 1000 ...if you guys really want to do Mtech go for NITs or try for private college...but I don;t think any use in it..just give GATE again..

But as it is tough but it is not impossible..

So first lets crack GATE then decide whether to go Mtech or PSU...

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

Whatever I am going to speak will on the basis of EC students and for the EC students.. others may relate it to their field or can ask their doubts.

 

Why to prepare for the Gate/IES/BARC?..How to decide..

See first of all if you are an engineer then you have to decide what you want..that you can learn while doing engineering..

If you like technical subjects and want to do the job in same field then take placements or give Gate and go for Mtech then take placements in companies like qualcomm.,mediatek,etc

If you don't want to pursue mtech and don't want to study further as beacause you have done btech and you are done with engineering and want to earn same package as your IT sector friends  then give Gate and take job in  PSU.

If you want to do Mtech with job then go for BARC.And Mtech too in Nuclear Engg.

If you want that I want to do job now and also I want to do Mtech but later ,after thinking that in which field I want to go because what happen sometimes people go for Mtech but they realize that why I did it ..whether it is going to give me any benefit..so for these type of students ..go first for job like ISRO,DRDO and then they sponsor your MTech then you can go for it.

Students who want don't want to earn much as PSU employee but want to help people  in front end and want a good high class position in society and gazetted officer post then go for IES.

So please first think what you want and then aim for it..After deciding please don't change your mind . And don't get upset if you won't able to achieve it in first attempt..

keep trying ..you will surely get success..just keep these words in mind..and believe in yourself...

Now, we will take each exam one by one and above points along with it..
I will tell you the way to study ,to crack exam,interview,and to decide in which PSU or Institute you can go.

Lets continue ..just be with me..

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)

HOW TO CRACK EXAMS AFTER ENGINEERING.

In todays world it has become trend of giving Gate exam after completing engineering.
Student want to have a high package and a secure job in short PSU job so Gate exam has become a hot trend nowadays.
Also some students want to do reasearch or want to go for mtech and then want a good job where they can use their skills as what they think then also Gate is good.
Also there is BARC and IES.
Now the problem is confusion..What to crack..How to crack.Am I going in right direction..Will I able to achieve my aim..I have the answers..Tell you the ways of cracking it and also motivate you for the same..Lets go ahead then..

( if find helpful then follow by email option on right side)